The Scientific-Cultural Journal of Ecosphere

Comprehensive quarterly magazine of the Boomkore

The Comprehensive Ecosphere Journal, Summer Edition

Mahsa Barekat; Shaghayegh Zolghadri; Hanieh Fallah; Shohreh Sadrikhanlou; Omid Kiani; Mahdi Mahdavikhah

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 1-80

Abstract

  The scientific, cultural, and social journal Boomkoreh is published by the Student Scientific Association of the Faculty of Natural Resources at the University of Tehran. This issue ...  Read More The scientific, cultural, and social journal Boomkoreh is published by the Student Scientific Association of the Faculty of Natural Resources at the University of Tehran. This issue explores diverse environmental topics such as the role of women in water resource management, the impact of microplastics on human health, the conservation of the Iranian cheetah, and ecological land-use evaluation. Articles are categorized into three specialized fields: environmental management and conservation, environmental pollution, and plant-related studies. Highlights include an interview with Dr. Babak Bastani on wildlife rehabilitation at Pardisan Center and a special note commemorating Iran's National Cheetah Day. The journal aims to raise awareness, enhance environmental knowledge, and facilitate knowledge exchange among researchers. 

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Editor in -chief Words

Word from the Editor-in-Chief for the Summer Edition of the Scientific, Cultural, and Social Quarterly Boomkoreh

Omid Kiani

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 3-4

Abstract

  This article constitutes the editorial for the second issue of the seventh volume of the Boomkoreh Quarterly, developed through the concerted efforts of students and environmental practitioners ...  Read More This article constitutes the editorial for the second issue of the seventh volume of the Boomkoreh Quarterly, developed through the concerted efforts of students and environmental practitioners to advance education and public awareness in the domains of environmental protection and natural resource management. The current issue encompasses scholarly articles across three core disciplines of environmental science: environmental pollution, land assessment and Spatial planning, and biodiversity management and conservation. Topics explored include phytoremediation, the impacts of microplastics, herbivore population assessments, ecological implications of the yew tree, and sociological dimensions of climate change. Moreover, the issue features a discussion on the significance of September 9, an interview with Dr. Babak Bastani, and an overview of the activities undertaken by the Environmental Science Student Association at the University of Tehran. Acknowledging the contributions of all collaborators, this publication aspires to achieve continual advancement through the engagement of its readership and the broader environmental science community.

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Original Article

Investigating the Use of Lemna in Wastewater Treatment for the Removal of Turbidity, COD, Nitrate, and TOC

Mahdi Mahdavikhah

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 5-11

Abstract

  Phytoremediation is a strategic method employed to reduce, standardize, or completely eliminate pollutants from groundwater and soil. Lemna, a monocotyledonous plant from the Araceae ...  Read More Phytoremediation is a strategic method employed to reduce, standardize, or completely eliminate pollutants from groundwater and soil. Lemna, a monocotyledonous plant from the Araceae family, is considered an ideal candidate for phytoremediation due to its unique properties, such as rapid propagation, high biomass production, bioaccumulation potential, pollutant reduction capabilities, and adaptability to a variety of pollutants. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Lemna in wastewater treatment, specifically in removing turbidity, COD, nitrate, and TOC. Sampling was conducted to assess the plant's phytoremediation capacity. The results demonstrate that increased exposure duration significantly reduces nitrate levels, turbidity, COD, and TOC, ultimately achieving complete pollutant removal. This research confirms the potential of Lemna to reduce and eliminate these parameters in domestic wastewater with lower nitrate concentrations.

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Original Article

The Marginalized Role of Women in Water Resource Management

Shohreh Sadrikhanlou

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 12-15

Abstract

  In many rural and urban societies, women have traditionally been responsible for water provisioning, household hygiene, livestock care, and dairy production, among other roles. With ...  Read More In many rural and urban societies, women have traditionally been responsible for water provisioning, household hygiene, livestock care, and dairy production, among other roles. With the intensification of water scarcity-largely a consequence of mismanagement and climate change-the burden on women has increased, especially in areas facing severe water shortages. Women endure prolonged waiting times for water tankers, longer journeys to fetch water, and frequent household water outages, leading to significant physical and mental strain. Despite their substantial contributions, women have minimal representation in water resource decision-making processes. Their exclusion stems from cultural barriers, traditional norms, and patriarchal attitudes. Enhancing women's participation in water management can significantly improve resource governance. Strategies to empower women include promoting female-centric organizations, supporting rural women's involvement in local councils, and offering training in irrigation management and water system maintenance.  

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Original Article

Effects of Microplastics on Human Health: A Review

Hanieh Fallah

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 16-22

Abstract

  Since the Industrial Revolution, plastics have been mass-produced in various forms to improve human welfare and food security. However, exposure to plastics has been linked to diseases ...  Read More Since the Industrial Revolution, plastics have been mass-produced in various forms to improve human welfare and food security. However, exposure to plastics has been linked to diseases without definitive cures. Microplastics (<5 mm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm) are either byproducts of plastic degradation or manufactured for other purposes. This review examines studies on their health impacts. Microplastics enter the human body via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Animal studies confirm their toxicity, and due to physiological similarities, humans are not exempt from these risks. Accumulation of microplastics can lead to respiratory disorders, neurological issues, gastrointestinal diseases, tissue inflammation, and even cell death. Despite progress in this field, many microplastic forms remain unstudied or poorly understood. Further research is crucial.

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Original Article

Census Report of Herbivores in Golestan National Park

Mahsa Barekat

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 23-28

Abstract

  Wildlife species censuses aim to monitor reproductive rates, population changes, habitat conditions, diseases, and threats. In autumn 2023, a herbivore census in Golestan National Park ...  Read More Wildlife species censuses aim to monitor reproductive rates, population changes, habitat conditions, diseases, and threats. In autumn 2023, a herbivore census in Golestan National Park was conducted with 200 experts, rangers, and academics. On the first day, 4–6-member teams counted steppe sheep and ewes, recording a total of 12,000—an increase of 2,000 compared to the previous year. On the second day, 6–8-member teams counted forest goats, totaling 800 individuals. The census employed linear sampling methods with telescopic equipment. This report recommends incorporating advanced technologies, such as remote sensing and modeling, for future censuses.

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Original Article

Taxus baccata: Environmental Impacts and Applications

Mohammad Sepehr Mirzaei

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 29-36

Abstract

  Taxus baccata (commonly known as the yew tree) is one of the rare and valuable tree species found in the northern forests of Iran. Due to its unique environmental and medicinal properties, ...  Read More Taxus baccata (commonly known as the yew tree) is one of the rare and valuable tree species found in the northern forests of Iran. Due to its unique environmental and medicinal properties, it holds special significance. This article explores the various environmental impacts of Taxus baccata. Among its positive effects are the preservation of biodiversity, enhancement of soil structure, and provision of habitats for various animal species. Additionally, the yew tree contains valuable medicinal compounds that are used in the treatment of certain diseases. However, illegal exploitation and the destruction of its natural habitats pose serious threats to its survival. This article also examines conservation and management strategies aimed at preserving and expanding Taxus baccata in its natural habitats.

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Original Article

Familiarity with the Wild Pistachio Tree (Pistacia atlantica), Its Significance, and Major Pests: A Review Study

Omid Kiani

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 37-41

Abstract

  The wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica) holds significant ecological and economic importance due to its uses in the production of gum, medicinal and hygienic products, human and livestock ...  Read More The wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica) holds significant ecological and economic importance due to its uses in the production of gum, medicinal and hygienic products, human and livestock nutrition, soil erosion prevention, and as a wildlife habitat. Its association with key animal species, such as the urial (wild sheep), not only provides a valuable refuge for wildlife but also enhances the aesthetic value of its habitats. Identifying the factors that threaten this species and devising strategies for preventing and controlling the damage caused by these factors are crucial for the effective conservation and management of this valuable species.This review study examines the characteristics and ecological role of Pistacia atlantica, its significance, and the necessity for its protection. It is based on a comprehensive analysis of scholarly articles, library resources, official reports from related agencies in habitats such as Khojir National Park and forested areas in Kerman and South Khorasan provinces, as well as field visits. Additionally, it highlights some of the major threats facing this species and offers practical solutions to mitigate damage to wild pistachio trees. 

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Report

Report on the Specialized Session: "Review of Pollution Reduction Plans for the Southern Regions of the Country"

Tara Zarrin

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 43-46

Abstract

  The specialized session titled "Review of Pollution Reduction Plans for the Southern Regions" was held with a lecture by Dr. Mehdi Ziarati, Head of Environmental Protection at the Special ...  Read More The specialized session titled "Review of Pollution Reduction Plans for the Southern Regions" was held with a lecture by Dr. Mehdi Ziarati, Head of Environmental Protection at the Special Economic Zone of Pars Energy. In this session, he analyzed the environmental challenges of the South Pars region, one of the largest oil and gas hubs in the world. Major issues included air pollution, the accumulation of pollutants in industrial and residential areas, and the limitations of natural ventilation in the region. Environmental programs discussed included wastewater treatment, reduction of gaseous pollutants such as benzene and sulfur dioxide, pollution dispersion modeling, and continuous air quality monitoring. Despite the progress made, environmental issues still rank lower in priority compared to industrial development. This paper emphasizes the need for investment, strengthening monitoring tools, and collaboration between governmental bodies and industries to improve the environmental situation of the region.

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Note

Hope for Rescue, the Wish of Iran

Omid Kiani

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 47-54

Abstract

  The Asiatic cheetah, the fastest feline of the deserts and semi-arid hills of Iran, is facing the threat of extinction due to a sharp decline in its population and habitat threats. ...  Read More The Asiatic cheetah, the fastest feline of the deserts and semi-arid hills of Iran, is facing the threat of extinction due to a sharp decline in its population and habitat threats. This species is encountering numerous challenges, such as limited food resources, shrinking habitats, poaching threats, and overgrazing by livestock. If effective conservation measures are not taken, the Iranian cheetah may soon become extinct. This article emphasizes that the Iranian cheetah is a national asset, and its preservation requires the collaboration of all Iranians. Our responsibilities include raising awareness, advocating with authorities, protecting habitats, and addressing threats like stray dogs. Moreover, eco-tourism in cheetah habitats should be promoted, and local communities must be made aware of the value of this species. Finally, installing warning signs and distributing educational materials in schools near cheetah habitats are additional ways to support this endangered species.

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Software Introduction

Introduction to the AERMOD Software and Its Applications in Environmental Science

Shaghayegh Zolghadri

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 55-62

Abstract

  The AERMOD model, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is an advanced tool for modeling air pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere. This model is particularly ...  Read More The AERMOD model, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is an advanced tool for modeling air pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere. This model is particularly designed for assessing air quality in urban and rural areas, and near pollution sources such as industrial sites. AERMOD utilizes various modules, including AERMET for processing meteorological data, AERMAP for processing terrain data, and BPIPPRIME for modeling the effects of buildings on pollutant dispersion. The applications of this model include compliance with environmental regulations, environmental impact assessment, health risk prediction, urban planning, and industrial site location. Although AERMOD is a highly powerful tool, it has limitations, including the need for accurate meteorological data, low precision in modeling complex topographic areas, and difficulties in simulating non-continuous pollutant emissions. Despite these challenges, AERMOD remains an essential tool for air quality analysis in environmental and public health projects, owing to its high accuracy in both stable and unstable atmospheric conditions.

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interview

Interview with Dr. Bastani; Head of Pardisan Wildlife Rehabilitation Center

Omid Kiani

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 63-70

Abstract

  This interview with Dr. Babak Bastani, head of the Pardisan Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, explores his experiences and views on wildlife conservation and the challenges facing this ...  Read More This interview with Dr. Babak Bastani, head of the Pardisan Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, explores his experiences and views on wildlife conservation and the challenges facing this field. Dr. Bastani talks about his academic and professional journey, highlighting his interest in wildlife and veterinary medicine. He also mentions that the veterinary education system in Iran needs to be updated and more connected to practical needs in conservation. Furthermore, he addresses serious wildlife issues such as extinction, habitat destruction, climate change, and human-wildlife conflicts. Dr. Bastani explains that while the Pardisan Center is making progress, it still falls short of global standards and requires more financial resources and facilities to become a professional rehabilitation center. He also emphasizes the importance of gaining public support and expanding rehabilitation centers, stating that the expansion of such centers, especially in terms of biodiversity conservation and enhancing wildlife education and research, should be a priority for the Department of Environment.

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Magazine competitions

Competition Time

Omid Kiani

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 71-72

Abstract

  This test has been designed and structured to assess and enhance the specialized awareness of the audience regarding environmental and managerial issues, based on the content of the ...  Read More This test has been designed and structured to assess and enhance the specialized awareness of the audience regarding environmental and managerial issues, based on the content of the articles and reports published in this issue of the journal. Participants must submit their complete and correct answers along with their personal information to the journal. Those who provide correct answers will be entered into a prize draw. The test includes both multiple-choice and essay questions, addressing various topics such as water resource pollution, the characteristics of Golestan National Park, conservation strategies for the yew tree, and wild pistachio growth regions. Additionally, the essay questions explore issues such as strengthening the role of women in water resource management and proposing solutions for improving the conservation status of the Asiatic cheetah. This test offers a valuable opportunity to promote knowledge and expertise in ecological and environmental fields.

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Report

Summary of the Annual Activities of the Environmental Science Student Association (June 2023 to May 2024)

Omid Kiani

Volume 7, Issue 2 , September 2024, Pages 73-78

Abstract

  Starting from June 2023, the new executive board of the Environmental Science Student Association at the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, began its activities. Over ...  Read More Starting from June 2023, the new executive board of the Environmental Science Student Association at the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, began its activities. Over the 2023-2024 academic year, the association organized a variety of scientific, educational, and social programs. The association successfully revived the "Bumkoreh" journal and published two issues of the "Zist-Sepahr" quarterly journal. Additionally, it hosted 13 scientific and discussion-based webinars on environmental challenges in the country. Other significant events included honoring Professor Karim Saei and hosting a specialized session on endangered animal species. In the educational domain, the association organized 24 training programs covering academic skills, specialized software such as GIS and habitat modeling, and environmental topics such as air pollution, dust storms, and wildlife rehabilitation. Furthermore, the association contributed to raising public awareness about environmental issues by organizing the screening of the documentary "Rush Sharqi" and book-reading campaigns. In the fall, the association held a series of specialized sessions focusing on air pollution and its effects. These programs, with the guidance of faculty members and collaboration with scientific groups, were successful and received positive feedback from participants. Under the leadership of the association's secretary, Ms. Bakhshesh, and with the guidance of faculty advisors, the association completed more than 60 activities, and its work will continue with the organization of the next elections in June 2024.

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